Read Time: 12 minutes
A former speaker of Israel’s parliament along with academics and activists in Israel have requested an investigation into the sale of the Pegasus software to Ghana in 2016 through a private reseller in a transaction that was judged as illegal and corrupt by the High Court in Ghana’s capital Accra in 2020May 23, 2022 by Pavan Kulkarni
A criminal investigation has been demanded in Israel, six years after the NSO group sold its Pegasus spyware to Ghana, through a private reseller to whom the responsibility of ensuring compliance with Ghana’s laws and human rights obligations was allegedly illegally outsourced.
On behalf of Israeli parliament’s former speaker, Avrum Burg, prominent sociologist Eva Illouz and 51 other academics and human rights activists, Advocate Eitay Mack wrote to the Attorney General (AG) of Israel, Gali Baharav-Miara, on Sunday, May 22, seeking a probe.
The complaint addressed to the AG asks her “to open a criminal investigation” into the allegedly illegal sale of the defense equipment by NSO to Ghana’s National Communications Authority (NCA) in 2016, through a Ghana-registered private company called Infralocks Development Limited (IDL).
Already under scrutiny in Israel and accused by journalists and activists across several continents of aiding violations of privacy and human rights, the NSO maintains that all its contracts with customers have clauses obliging compliance with all applicable laws – including those to protect human rights and privacy. In the case of Ghana, however, a reading of the contracts of this USD $8 million deal reveals that the NSO had actually placed these obligations, not on the NCA, but on IDL.
This little known private company based in Ghana’s capital Accra did not even possess the license to handle the export of Pegasus, according to the complaint. It further states that neither the NSO nor the officials in the Israeli Ministry of Defense (MOD) and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), who were involved in approving this sale, had verified whether this company was actually authorized by Ghana’s NCA.
When the equipment was exported to Ghana, set-up and demonstrated by NSO’s engineers in mid-2016, it was not installed in any premises of the NCA, but in a private residence. Yet, no investigation has been conducted by Israeli authorities, the complaint points out.
Years later, in May 2020, Accra High Court ruled that this purchase of Pegasus was corrupt, illegal and unauthorized. Two senior NCA officials involved in the illegal purchase – along with the then National Security Coordinator (NSC) at whose behest the former two had acted – were convicted and imprisoned by this judgment. Noting that the purchase, which had not been budgeted for, had caused significant losses to the state, the court had also ordered the seizure of US$3 million worth of assets from the convicted government officials.
Earlier this year, Channel 13 ‘Hamakor’ report aired footage of the Pegasus equipment in Ghana, along with testimonies of NSO’s engineers who had installed the equipment at the private residence, set-up the software and trained the local staff in operating it. However, no heads have rolled in Israel.
“It is shameful that the former Attorney General, Avichai Mandelblit, did not open an investigation on his own initiative,” Mack stated in the letter. He has asked the AG on behalf of the complainants “to open criminal investigation against the company NSO and the officials in the MOD and MFA because of suspicion for their involvement in conspiracy and corruption in the Republic of Ghana.”
Recounting that in an earlier complaint he had filed in 2018 “on exports to Guatemala, the MOD [had] refused to provide relevant documents to the Ministry of Justice”, Mack has sought measures to prevent concealment of evidence and “disruption of investigation”.
He has asked the AG “to order the immediate seizure of all existing documents in the offices of the MOD and MFA, and in the office of NSO, about the export license to Ghana, the minutes from the discussions that preceded the approval of the license, the transfer and physical assembly of the system in Ghana, and the training and day-to-day services that NSO workers gave for operating the system.”
No contract between NSO and its customer
Central to this case for criminal investigation is the fact the NSO did not enter into a contract with Ghana’s NCA, the end-user to whom Pegasus was being sold. Instead, on December 17, 2015, the NSO’s group’s sales manager Ori Magal signed a contract with IDL’s Director of Business Development, George Oppong. IDL was recognized as the reseller in this contract. IDL in turn signed another end-user contract with Ghana’s NCA. As a result, there was no direct contract between NSO and NCA.
As per the Israeli Defense Export Control Law, 5766-2007, IDL was required to procure an interim-user license to handle export of such equipment. “There is no doubt that the Pegasus system is considered defense equipment as defined in section 2 of the Control Law,” Mack argues. The contract with NSO, however, does not require IDL to procure such a license.
“There is no plausible explanation as to why the agreement does not state that NSO must also require an interim-user license for IDL,” the complaint explains. “This reinforces the wonder why a reseller company was required in the first place and encourages suspicion that it was convenient for NSO company and the officials in the MOD and MFA that the IDL will not be part of the official chain of licenses.”
It further states, “Even assuming there was some (unknown) reason to use IDL as a reseller and not directly sign a contract with the NCA, encouraging suspicion, NSO company and the officials in the MOD and MFA did not condition the export of the Pegasus system by IDL” on the confirmation of IDL’s authorization to make representations on behalf of Ghana’s NCA.
In the second contract IDL’s Oppong signed with Ghana NCA’s Director General William Tevie, the NCA did not validate, or even refer to, these representations. For instance, Section 17.5 of the contract between NSO and IDL states:
“The Reseller (IDL) hereby represents that under an agreement to be entered into with the End-User (NCA), the End-User will warrant that it and its respective employees and agents shall: (i) fully comply with all applicable privacy and national security related laws and regulation that are applicable to the use of the System, including by the way of obtaining consents and/or decrees to the extent required by law, and (ii) use the System only for prevention and investigation of crimes and will not be used for human rights violations.”
There is no such commitment made by the NCA in its contract with IDL. Despite the fact that this failure of the NCA to make such a commitment in its contract with the IDL is a contravention of the contract between NSO and IDL, the NSO went ahead with the sale.
This is also a contravention of NSO’s stated position that its clients commit in their contracts with NSO to use Pegasus only for the “legitimate and lawful prevention and the investigation of serious crimes and terrorism”. Its Transparency and Responsibility Report (TRR) of 2021 and Human Rights Policy 2019 reiterate that all its contracts with customers have obligations to not use Pegasus in a manner that violates any of the domestic or other applicable laws, human rights and rights to privacy.
However, as explained before, NSO did not even enter into a contract with its customer in Ghana. The contract its customer had was only with the reseller of its equipment. And no such obligations are placed on the customer in this contract.
“Are private resellers involved in the sale of Pegasus to other countries’ government bodies as well?”, was among the questions Peoples Dispatch had asked the NSO’s spokesperson in an email on April 10. Despite follow-up mails and several calls and messages, NSO’s spokesperson has not provided any response.
The absence of commitment to human rights, privacy rights etc in NCA’s contract with IDL is not the only irregularity, which should have stopped NSO from making the sale. Section 17.1 of the contract between NSO and IDL states:
“Reseller (IDL) hereby represents and warrants that the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the fulfillment of its terms: (i) will not constitute a default under or conflict with any agreement or other instrument to which the End-User (NCA) is a party or by which it is bound; and (ii) other than as specifically set forth in this Agreement, does not require any further consent of any person or entity.”
NSO accepted assurances from unauthorized private businessman
The NCA never gave the aforementioned assurances in its contract with the IDL. The May 2020 judgment of Accra High Court established that all claims made in these representations by IDL on behalf of NCA were false. However, IDL’s Oppong, who made these representations, was the only accused to be acquitted in this case.
The reason stated for his acquittal in the judgment was that he was “not a public servant but a private businessman” who was only “engaged as a reseller of the equipment.. (and) was not in a position to know the internal processes and procedures that NCA had undertaken before NCA embarked on the quest to procure the cyber equipment.”
This line of reasoning that a private businessman cannot be expected to know the internal processes of a government body is fairly obvious. “How do you explain the fact that the NSO had accepted the assurances given by a private businessman regarding a government body which he neither heads, nor is a part of?,” was another question the NSO did not answer.
In case the contract between NSO and IDL is terminated “for any reason”, it is this private businessman who is required by Section 9 to “cause the End-User (NCA) to return to the Company (NSO), all Confidential Information, including all records, products and samples received, and any copies thereof, whether in its possession or under its control”. NSO has not answered on what grounds it had convinced itself that a private businessman will be able to “cause” a government body to do so.
Despite the two contracts contradicting each other and NSO’s stated policy on imposing contractual obligations on its customers, NSO went ahead with the sale, with the evident approval of the MOD.
“Even after we have completed our internal human rights processes, we are closely regulated by export control authorities in the countries from which we export our products: Israel, Bulgaria and Cyprus,” NSO’s TRR states, implying that, in case of violations, the buck does not stop at its doorstep.
“The Defense Export Controls Agency (DECA) of the Israeli Ministry of Defense strictly restricts the licensing of Pegasus, conducting its own analysis of potential customers from a human rights perspective,” it adds.
The complaint addressed to the AG on Friday states “an investigation is needed against the director of the Defense Exports Control Agency (DECA) in the Ministry of Defense, and the head of the defense exports unit in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, who were together responsible on regulating the export of the Pegasus system to Ghana.”
MOD’s regulatory authority is also recognized in Section 5.1 of both contracts, which subject fulfillment of the contract to several conditions, including “the approval of the IMOD for the provision of the License, System and the Services [to NCA] as set forth herein (the “Approval”)”. Section 5.2 adds. “For the avoidance of any doubt, no products, licenses, equipment or services shall be provided.. until.. the Approval is obtained.”
A six months-leeway is provided in the same section, which explains that if the Approval is not obtained within six months of signing, or if the Approval is denied, canceled or suspended, NSO retains the right to terminate the agreement. Before the end of these six months, on June 10, 2016, in a “Letter of Confirmation” to EcoBank Ghana Limited and to the NSO (written to fulfill a requirement for the processing of the payment of second installment of US$3 million to NSO), NCA stated:
“…as of June 10, 2016, the following terms were fully completed and accomplished:
- The Hardware Equipment was delivered to the End-User’s site and installed on premises.
- The Company (NSO) performed the Deployment, provided software set-up, installation and configuration services (the “Software Services”).
- The Company (NSO) presented to the End User, on site, the capabilities of the system on a sample of two devices per each Operating System (i.e Android, IOS and Blackberry)”.
This letter, read in conjunction with the section 5.1 and 5.2 of the two contracts, indicates that since “products, licenses, equipment or services” were provided to the End-User, the MOD did give the Approval.
In an email on April 10, Peoples Dispatch asked the MOD to explain why it had given the Approval despite all the above stated irregularities. While assuring a response on follow-up phone calls, a month and half since the email, Peoples Dispatch is yet to receive a response. The article will be updated to reflect the same when and if responses are provided.
Was technical equipment operated in Ghana?
The letter and the contracts have come to public domain because, later in December that year, the ruling National Democratic Congress (NDC), which had signed the contract to purchase this spyware a year before election, was voted out. The new government formed by the New Patriotic Party (NPP) initiated an investigation in 2017, since when the matter had been brought before the Accra High Court, which gave its order in May 2020.
A five year jail term was handed to Salifu Osman, the National Security Coordinator at the time, and to William Tevie, who signed the contract with IDL’s Oppong as NCA’s Director General. NCA board’s chairman at the time of the purchase, Eugene Baffoe-Bonnie, who had profited US$200,000 from the deal, was given a prison sentence of six years.
Subsequently, when NSO’s spokesperson was contacted by Channel 13 before publishing their report in January 2022, his initial response was “NSO has never operated systems in Ghana.” The complaint points out that only after realizing that Channel 13 was in possession of footage, the NSO updated its response with:
“The chain of events in Ghana illustrates well the strict implementation of the ethics and human rights policy that the company has enshrined in its banner. After receiving all legal permits, the company installed the technical equipment in Ghana without operating it. A few months later, during the training for the client, significant questions arose from the Israeli training team regarding the ethics and manner of Ghana’s future use of the system. After the inspection, it was decided in an unusual manner not to allow the customer to operate the system.”
However, this claim that the technical equipment was never operated contradicts the letter on July 10, 2016, in which NCA confirmed otherwise to Eco Bank and to NSO. The Accra High Court’s judgment also established the fact that the equipment had been operated, by noting that the second installment of US$3 million, to process which the July 2016 letter was sent, was to be made only after Eco Bank receives:
“written confirmation signed by the end user confirming that the hardware equipment had been delivered together with assurance that NSO had performed the deployment, software set-up, installation and configuration services.”
After these conditions were met by NSO, the NCA paid USD $3 million to IDL, and IDL initiated the payment of the same to NSO. However, Ecobank did not process the payment. It sought more documentation to be in compliance with the Foreign Exchange Act. While this was being sorted with back and forth correspondences between the bank and the NSO, the government changed and investigation began.
“Contrary to the NSO response that it stopped its services in Ghana because of its ‘strict ethics’, according to the convicting ruling, it is clear that even after NSO realized that there was a problem transferring the balance of payments to its bank account and that its system was installed in a private apartment, the company and the officials in the IMOD and IMFA did not report to the Ghanaian authorities that they suspect something was wrong,” the complaint states.
“NSO’s decision to discontinue its services appears to have been only due to the cessation of payments, and in any case since it chose not to file in its own initiative a complaint and to conceal its suspicions, there is an impression that NSO preferred that no investigation be opened into a transaction in which it was involved,” adds the complaint filed by Mack on behalf of the parliament’s former speaker Avrum Burg and 52 other academics.
It is to be noted, however, that this discontinuity in services does not necessarily imply that Pegasus is presently not in use in Ghana.
Where is the Pegasus equipment now?
Ghana Business News reported in January 2022 that among those potentially targeted with the spyware in Ghana last year was Stanislav Dogbe, former aide to president John Mahama, under whose NDC-led government Pegasus was purchased in 2016. Others potential targets named in this report were NDC General Secretary’s son, Kweku Asiedu-Nketia, and David Tamakloe, editor in chief of Whatsup News, whom the report describes as “a known sympathizer of the NDC”.
Emmanuel Dogbevi, chief editor of the news portal and author of this report confirmed to Peoples Dispatch that all three had received an Apple alert notification, titled “State Sponsored attackers may be targeting your iPhone” in November 2021. Attempts to collect more information from Dogbe and Tamakloe in February have not been successful.
Several journalists and activists Peoples Dispatch spoke to are of the opinion that the Pegasus remains in use in Ghana. However, many opined, there is a sort of an omerta – a vow of silence – on the question of what happened to the equipment after the investigation and whether it is in use. Because the ruling NPP, which is reportedly using it against the opposition, as well as the largest opposition party NDC, under whose former government Pegasus was illegally purchased, are both now in the same boat. Rocking it is not in the interest of either.
Peoples Dispatch had also contacted Ghana’s NCA in February to inquire under whose authority or control is the Pegasus equipment currently placed, and whether NCA has any existing contracts with the NSO. Nana Badu, Director of Consumer and Corporate Affairs of NCA, replied, “The NCA respectfully refrains from responding to the questions.”
Section 9 of both agreements require that in case the agreement is terminated, the Pegasus equipment, along with any data gathered using it, should be returned to the NSO, and any copies made of this data should be erased. Neither the NSO nor the NCA has confirmed that the equipment has been returned.
If the Attorney General of Israel orders the criminal investigation demanded in this complaint, it could cause further trouble to NSO which is already under scrutiny. Prime Minister Naftali Bennett had said in February that the Deputy Attorney General was “looking quickly into” the well-documented allegations that police in Israel are using this military grade spyware on its own citizens, without securing any court order. Public security minister, Omer Barlev, also said that he would open an inquiry.
A complaint was filed in France in April by French-Palestinian human rights defender Salah Hammouri, whose phone was illegally infiltrated with this spyware. The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and the Ligue desdroits de l’homme (LDH) are his fellow-complainants in this case.
Reporters Without Borders (RSF), along with two French-Moroccan journalists, Omar Brouksy and Maati Monjib, who had been facing persecution by the Moroccan government also filed a case in France last year.
“Other complaints will follow in other countries. The scale of the violations that have been revealed calls for a major legal response,” RSF secretary-general Christophe Deloire had said at the time. 17 other targeted journalists from seven countries including India, Mexico, Spain, Hungary, Azerbaijan, Morocco and Togo subsequently joined this complaint. The RSF has also referred all these cases to the UN.
Heya i’m for the first time here. I found this board and I find It truly useful &
it helped me out a lot. I hope to give something back and help others like you aided
me.
What’s Taking place i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I have discovered It absolutely useful
and it has helped me out loads. I am hoping to contribute & assist different customers like its aided me.
Good job.
Greetings! I’ve been reading your weblog for a long time now and finally got the bravery to go
ahead and give you a shout out from Houston Tx! Just wanted to mention keep up
the good work!
Great goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to
and you’re just too fantastic. I really like what you’ve acquired here,
certainly like what you’re saying and the way in which you say it.
You make it entertaining and you still take care
of to keep it sensible. I can’t wait to read far
more from you. This is actually a wonderful website.
This is my first time pay a visit at here and i am really pleassant
to read everthing at one place.
Hello There. I discovered your blog the use of msn. That is a really neatly written article.
I’ll be sure to bookmark it and return to read extra of your useful information. Thank you for the post.
I will definitely return.
I’ve learn some just right stuff here. Definitely worth bookmarking for revisiting.
I surprise how a lot attempt you place to create such a excellent
informative web site.
I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was
good. I do not know who you are but definitely you’re going to a famous blogger if
you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Feel free to surf to my page :: nissan xterra 2004
It’s going to be finish of mine day, but before end I am
reading this enormous paragraph to increase my know-how.
Look into my site locksmith
Heⅼlo, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues.
When І look at your blog in Oρera, it looks fine but when opening iin Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping.
I just wanted tto give yⲟu a quick heads
ᥙp! Other then tһat, woderful blog!
Somebody essentially lend a hand to make severely articles I would state.
That is the very first time I frequented your web page and up
to now? I surprised with the research you made to create this particular put up extraordinary.
Magnificent job!
Feel free to surf to my blog post – ford gainesville
It’s very simple to find out any topic on web as compared to books, as I found this piece of writing at this web site.
It’s an amazing piece of writing in favor of all the web users; they will
get advantage from it I am sure. https://Classifieds.Ocala-News.com/author/santos55212
Hello there I am so happy I found your weblog, I really found you by mistake, while I was
researching on Google for something else, Anyhow
I am here now and would just like to say kudos for a incredible post and a all round interesting
blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have
time to read it all at the moment but I have saved it and also added in your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read more, Please do keep up the great work. https://www.sowintheword.org/PrayerZone/profile.php?id=648744
I love what you guys tend to be up too. This type of clever work and reporting!
Keep up the great works guys I’ve added you guys
to my personal blogroll.
Someone necessarily lend a hand to make significantly articles I’d state.
That is the first time I frequented your web page and to this
point? I amazed with the research you made to make this particular submit extraordinary.
Great activity!
Nice post. I was checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed!
Very helpful information specifically the last part 🙂 I care for such info a lot.
I was looking for this particular info for a very long time.
Thank you and best of luck.
my site 바이낸스 수수료 할인
magnificent points altogether, you just won a brand new reader.
What could you recommend about your put up that you
just made a few days ago? Any positive? http://Www.scullycap.com/comment/html/?5099.html
Really plenty of terrific material.
Achten Sie darauf, die Frittierkörbe vorher zu entfernen, um eine gründliche Reinigung
durchführen zu können.
This is a topic which is near to my heart… Many thanks!
Where are your contact details though?
It is actually a great and helpful piece of info. I am satisfied
that you shared this useful info with us.
Please stay us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
Regards. I appreciate this.
That is a really good tip particularly to those
fresh to the blogosphere. Brief but very precise information…
Appreciate your sharing this one. A must read article! http://www.Superstitionism.com/forum/profile.php?id=206641
I have learn a few just right stuff here. Certainly value bookmarking for revisiting.
I wonder how so much effort you put to make this
type of great informative site. http://www.die-seite.com/index.php?a=stats&u=florinehiggins
Greetings! Very helpful advice in this particular article!
It is the little changes that make the greatest changes.
Thanks for sharing! http://Worldmissionship.com/words/1731737
Good answers in return of this query with firm arguments and telling the whole thing
concerning that. http://worldmissionship.com/words/1732544
hey there and thank you for your information – I’ve definitely picked up anything new from right here.
I did however expertise a few technical issues using this
website, as I experienced to reload the web site a lot of times previous to I
could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your web hosting is OK?
Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will often affect your placement in google and can damage your high-quality score if ads and marketing with Adwords.
Well I’m adding this RSS to my e-mail and could look out for
a lot more of your respective interesting content.
Ensure that you update this again very soon.
Rigһt here is the perfect website for anybody who wishes
to understand this topic. You know a wholе lot its aomost hard tⲟ argսe
with you (not that I actually would want to…HaHa).
You certainly рut a freѕh spin on a subject which has been written about for years.
Wonderful stᥙff, just wondｅrful!
Hey there! I’m at work browsing your blog from my new iphone 3gs!
Just wanted to say I love reading your blog and look forward to all your posts!
Carry on the superb work! https://www.Sowintheword.org/PrayerZone/profile.php?id=807095
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post
wwas great. I don’t know who youu aree but definitely you’re goung too a famous blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
website
Either means, you may still win real cash taking
partt in gambling video games thjs fashion, and would possibly ffind it extra
handy to obtain the casino directly to your desktop or Pc.
The convenient issue that online casino affords is past measure.
This amazing site is acknowledged as the suitable frammework taking part in totobet sgp
that includes some free games alongside the strains of
togel, dragon-tiger, in addition to favored gaming
game titles.
I absolutely love your blog and find the majority of your post’s to be just what I’m
looking for. Do you offer guest writers to write
content for you personally? I wouldn’t mind creating a post or elaborating on some of the subjects you write related to
here. Again, awesome web site!
Position certainly applied!!
I’m not sure exactly why but this blog is loading very slow for me.
Is anyone else having this issue or is it a issue on my end?
I’ll check back later on and see if the problem still exists. https://Ragingbookmarks.com/story15472655/hospital-veterinario
Simply wish to say your article is as astounding. The clearness on your publish is simply spectacular
and that i can suppose you are an expert in this subject.
Well with your permission let me to grasp your RSS feed to stay updated
with forthcoming post. Thanks 1,000,000 and please carry on the
gratifying work. https://www.sowintheword.org/PrayerZone/profile.php?id=822351
Thanks to my father who stated to me regarding
this website, this webpage is in fact remarkable.
Grｅetings! Verry helpful advice within this article!
It’s the little changes that make the biggest changes.
Many thanks foߋr sһaring!
Asking questions are truly nice thing if you are not understanding anything completely, however this piece of writing provides pleasant understanding yet.
Its like you read my thoughts! You appear
to grasp so much approximately this, such as you
wrote the ebook in it or something. I believe that you
simply can do with some p.c. to power the message
home a bit, however instead of that, that is magnificent blog.
A great read. I’ll definitely be back. http://wsdjcd.cn/comment/html/?41990.html
I think the admin of this web site is actually working hard in favor of his website, for
the reason that here every stuff is quality based stuff. http://Avtpoligraf.ru/content/servicio-particular-de-transporte-en-cali-opciones-adaptadas-tus-requerimientos-12
It’s a shame you don’t have a donate button! I’d without a doubt donate to this
brilliant blog! I guess for now i’ll settle for book-marking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account.
I look forward to brand new updates and will talk about
this website with my Facebook group. Chat soon!
This paragraph is really a nice one it assists new
internet viewers, who are wishing for blogging.
Thank yoս so mսch ԝith regard to ɡiving my family ɑn update on this matter ᧐n yߋur blog.
Ⲣlease realize that if a brand-new post appears
оr in the event tһat any improvements occur ԝith the current post, I wߋuld want to consіder reading more and
learning hοw to mаke gooⅾ use of those techniques ʏоu discuss.
Thanks for yοur time and consideration ⲟf people by makіng thіs blog available.
my web-site – home office furniture
Post writing is also a fun, if you be familiar with then you can write otherwise it is
complicated to write.
Simply wish to say your article is as amazing. The clearness in your post is just nice and i could assume you are an expert on this subject.
Fine with your permission let me to grab your RSS feed to
keep up to date with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please keep up the rewarding work.
Here is my homepage used prius near me
Greetings! Quick question that’s totally off topic.
Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My weblog looks
weird when browsing from my iphone. I’m trying
to find a template or plugin that might be able to fix this issue.
If you have any suggestions, please share. Appreciate it! http://Www.23ebook.com/comment/html/?274063.html
Most US bookstores have espresso shops and armchairs and are open up till 11 pm, also on the weekends.
my web-site; https://aproblemsquaredwiki.com/How_To_Instruct_English_Sex_Move_Like_A_Pro
I enjoy what you guys are usually up too. Such clever work and reporting!
Keep up the wonderful works guys I’ve included you guys to our blogroll.
Wow! In the end I got a webpage from where I know how to actually get useful
facts concerning my study and knowledge.
I’ll immediately grab your rss feed as I can’t in finding your e-mail subscription link or newsletter service.
Do you have any? Kindly allow me recognise so that I could subscribe.
Thanks.
Simply desire to say your article is as astounding. The
clarity to your put up is just spectacular and i can assume you’re knowledgeable on this
subject. Well with your permission let me to clutch your RSS feed to stay
up to date with impending post. Thank you a million and please carry on the enjoyable work.
Ⴝome realⅼү niche stuff on this site, І love it.
my web blog; Best Things to Do in Portland
Everything is very open with a really clear explanation of the challenges.
It was truly informative. Your website is useful.
Thanks for sharing! https://mmhsmassageme.com/index.php?page=user&action=pub_profile&id=5430337
I was excited to uncover this web site. I want to to thank you for ones time just for this fantastic
read!! I definitely appreciated every bit of it and I have
you book marked to look at new information on your website.
Hello to every body, it’s my first pay a quick visit of this webpage; this website contains awesome and in fact excellent material for
visitors.
Aw, this was an exceptionally nice post. Taking the time and actual effort to generate a good article… but what can I say… I hesitate a whole
lot and never manage to get nearly anything done.
I have been browsing online more than three hours nowadays, but I by no means discovered
any fascinating article like yours. It’s pretty
value sufficient for me. Personally, if all webmasters and
bloggers made excellent content material as you probably
did, the net will be a lot more useful than ever before.
I am curious to find out what blog system you are utilizing?
I’m experiencing some small security problems with my latest
blog and I would like to find something more secure.
Do you have any recommendations?
Unquestionably imagine that that you stated. Your favourite
reason seemed to be at the web the simplest factor to take into account of.
I say to you, I definitely get annoyed while other people consider issues that they plainly don’t recognise about.
You controlled to hit the nail upon the top and also outlined out the whole thing
without having side-effects , other folks could take a signal.
Will probably be back to get more. Thanks
Thanks for the marvelous posting! I definitely enjoyed reading it, you
will be a great author.I will make certain to bookmark your blog and will eventually
come back someday. I want to encourage you continue your great posts,
have a nice day!
It’s genuinely very difficult in this active life to listen news on Television, thus I simply use world wide web for that purpose,
and obtain the newest news.
You ought to be a part of a contest for one of the best blogs on the net.
I am going to highly recommend this site!
Does your site have a contact page? I’m having trouble locating
it but, I’d like to send you an e-mail. I’ve got some ideas for your blog you might be interested in hearing.
Either way, great site and I look forward to seeing it grow over time.
Hello there, I found your blog by way of Google at the same time
as searching for a comparable topic, your
web site got here up, it seems good. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
Hi there, just became aware of your blog through
Google, and found that it is truly informative. I am going to be careful for brussels.
I will appreciate in case you proceed this in future.
Lots of folks will likely be benefited out of your writing.
Cheers!
I am really loving the theme/design of your web site.
Do you ever run into any web browser compatibility issues?
A couple of my blog visitors have complained about my blog
not working correctly in Explorer but looks great in Safari.
Do you have any advice to help fix this issue?
Hello there, I found your web site via Google while looking for a related topic,
your web site got here up, it looks good. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
Hello there, just turned into aware of your blog through Google, and
found that it is truly informative. I’m gonna be careful for brussels.
I will appreciate when you continue this in future.
Numerous other folks might be benefited out of your writing.
Cheers!
Wonderful blog! I found it while surfing around on Yahoo News.
Do you have any suggestions on how to get listed in Yahoo News?
I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there!
Many thanks
What i don’t realize is actually how you are not actually much more well-preferred than you might be right now.
You’re so intelligent. You realize thus significantly in terms of this subject, made me in my view imagine it from so many varied
angles. Its like men and women aren’t involved except it is something to
do with Girl gaga! Your individual stuffs outstanding.
All the time care for it up!
Your style is very unique in comparison to other people
I have read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you’ve got the opportunity,
Guess I will just bookmark this site.
Very good blog! Do you have any tips and hints for aspiring writers?
I’m planning to start my own website soon but I’m a little lost on everything.
Would you recommend starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are so many options out
there that I’m completely confused .. Any suggestions?
Thanks!
As the admin of this web site is working, no question very rapidly it
will be renowned, due to its quality contents.
Today, I went to the beachfront with my children.
I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4
year old daughter and said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She
placed the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and
it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back!
LoL I know this is totally off topic but I had to tell someone!
Thanks for any other excellent post. Where else may anybody get that type of info in such a perfect means of writing?
I have a presentation next week, and I am on the look for such information.
We stumbled over here coming from a different page and thought I should check things
out. I like what I see so now i’m following you.
Look forward to looking over your web page again.
Hi tһеre! I know thi is somewhat off topic Ьut I was
wondering which blog platform arre you using for
this website? I’m getting fed up of WordPress
because I’ve had problems with hackers and I’m looking att optiоns foг another platform.
I would be great if you could point mе іn the directіon of a ցood platform.
I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you design this website yourself or did you
hire someone to do it for you? Plz answer back as I’m looking to construct my own blog and would like to know where
u got this from. thanks a lot
I could not resist commenting. Ꮃell wrіtten!
Here is myy paցe һaving sports wall (Rodrigo)
After looking over a handful of the articles on your web
site, I honestly appreciate your technique of blogging.
I book marked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking
back soon. Take a look at my web site as well and tell
me how you feel. https://www.sowintheword.org/PrayerZone/profile.php?id=838012
Amazing! Its in fact amazing piece of writing, I have got much clear idea concerning from this piece of writing.
I’m really enjoying the theme/design of your web site.
Do you ever run into any internet browser compatibility issues?
A couple of my blog readers have complained about my site not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Opera.
Do you have any solutions to help fix this issue?
I’m really impressed with your writing skills as “카지노솔루션” well as with the layout on your blog.
Any way I’ll be subscribing to your augment and “토토솔루션” even I achievement you access consistently quickly.
I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! “토지노솔루션“Other then that, fantastic blog!
Quality posts is the secret to invite the people to go”카지노솔루션임대“to see the web page that’s what this site is providing.
Just desire to say your article is as surprising. The clarity in your post is just great and i can assume you are an expert on this subject.
Well with your permission allow me to grab your RSS feed to keep up to
date with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please continue the enjoyable work.
My webpage acura rl 2006
Nice post. I was checking continuously this blog and “토토솔루션임대” I’m impressed! Extremely useful info specially the last part
Gгeat weblog right here! Alsⲟ your website loadѕ up very fast!”토지노솔루션임대” What web һoѕt are you the usage of? Can I get your ɑssociate hyperlink for your host?
I am glad for writing to make you know what a incredible encounter my friend’s girl gained studying your web page. “카지노프로그램“She learned plenty of pieces, which include what it’s like to possess an awesome helping mood to let other folks smoothly
These are some truly fantastic suggestions for blogging.”토토프로그램” Here, you’ve made some good contacts
It was quite helpful to read your essay. “토지노프로그램“excellent blog
Great and fascinating blog.”토토프로그램임대” I appreciate you sharing.
Hello, I believe there may be a problem with .”카지노프로그램임대” your website’s browser compatibility
I recommend that anyone who wants an experienced”토지노프로그램임대“opinion on blogging and website construction visit this website.
Excellent article. Continue publishing such information on your website.”토토사이트” Your blog has really impressed me.
She led sister by talent in lively eating. Entry aggressively packages her, “카지노사이트” she renders out and quits signifying the lead. Living in a little space gave him no uncertain raptures.
Hi, I must say that you did an amazing job. I’ll undoubtedly. “토지노사이트” I like it and would tell my friends about it
We are a group of volunteers who are beginning a new project. “카지노api“in a group that shares a similar niche.
I enjoy what you guys typically do. Really ingenious work and protection! “두윈카지노“Keep up the fantastic work
On the internet, your preferred justification seemed to be the most straightforward concept.”두윈슬롯” I’ll be honest with you: I find it annoying when people worry.
When people come together and exchange opinions,”두윈바카라” I like that. Fantastic blog; keep up the good work!
Hello! I thought I had visited this blog previously, “두윈파워볼“but after reading a few of the posts, I discovered I had never done so.
Good to be here. My buddies usually accuse me of wasting time online, “두윈카지노api” but I know that reading gives me information every day.
I really enjoy this website. It’s a great place to read and get “두윈카지노사이트“information about Practice, the all-knowing.
Remarkable things here. I’m very glad to look your article.
Thank you so much and I am taking a look forward to touch you.
Will you kindly drop me a e-mail? http://Www.calsouthchurch.org/board_Txxk18/381802
An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a colleague who has been doing a
little research on this. And he actually bought me lunch due
to the fact that I stumbled upon it for him…
lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the
meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending some time to talk about this
issue here on your web page.
We absolutely love your blog and find most of your
post’s to be precisely what I’m looking for. Does one offer guest writers
to write content for you? I wouldn’t mind publishing a post or elaborating on a lot of the subjects you
write about here. Again, awesome site!
Highly descriptive article, I liked that a lot.
Will there be a part 2? http://Avtpoligraf.ru/content/inteligencia-empresarial-bi-impulsa-el-exito-fuera-de-tu-empresa-en-mexico-24
Quality content is the main to interest the
people to go to see the site, that’s what this web
site is providing.
Hurrah, that’s what I was seeking for, what a
material! existing here at this blog, thanks
admin of this web page. http://Innovationsinpatientsafety.org/La_Fabrique_De_Matelas
What’s up, this weekend is fastidious designed for me, since
this moment i am reading this impressive informative paragraph here
at my house. https://Ntown.tv/event/13879331
Magnificent beat ! I would like to apprentice at the same time as you amend your site, how can i subscribe for a blog site?
The account helped me a applicable deal. I have been tiny bit familiar of this your broadcast provided bright clear idea http://888.Lililian.com/comment/html/?56377.html
It’s the best time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy.
I have read this post and if I could I want to suggest you few interesting things or
suggestions. Perhaps you could write next articles referring to this article.
I want to read even more things about it! https://Manu-auare.ru/shielaschmid
You could definitely see your expertise in the article you write.
The world hopes for even more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to mention how they believe.
All the time follow your heart. http://Www.Die-Seite.com/index.php?a=stats&u=cathleen8354
Hi! This is kind of off topic but I need some guidance
from an established blog. Is it hard to set up your own blog?
I’m not very techincal but I can figure things out pretty fast.
I’m thinking about making my own but I’m not sure where to begin. Do you
have any points or suggestions? Thank you https://www.kenpoguy.com/phasickombatives/profile.php?id=1197725
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though
you relied on the video to make your point. You clearly know what youre talking
about, why throw away your intelligence on just posting videos to
your weblog when you could be giving us something informative to
read?
This piece oof wrifing offers clar ide in support oof the neww users of blogging, thhat
reall hoow too ddo running a blog.
I couldn?t resist commenting. Perfectly
ѡritten!
mу homepagе … window seating
Amazing things here. I’m very glad to peer your article.
Thanks a lot and I am having a look ahead to contact you.
Will you please drop me a e-mail? https://Runsexme.ru/tonywegener
It’s going to be end of mine day, but before eend I am reading
this great paragraph to incease my know-how.
my website; Olymp
Hey! I know this is kind of off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could
get a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same
blog platform as yours and I’m having difficulty finding one?
Thanks a lot! https://Ez-Bookmarking.com/story15440486/vignome
My family every time say that I am killing my time here at web,
however I know I am getting knowledge all the time by reading such pleasant posts. https://isotrope.cloud/index.php/User:CathyDunningham
Hi, yes this piece of writing is really good and I have
learned lot of things from it on the topic of blogging.
thanks.
My brother suggested I might like this web site. He was entirely right.
This post actually made my day. You cann’t imagine simply how much time I had spent
for this info! Thanks!
I have been exploring for a bit for any high quality articles or weblog posts in this kind of house .
Exploring in Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this web site.
Reading this information So i am satisfied to express that
I’ve a very just right uncanny feeling I found
out exactly what I needed. I so much for sure will make sure to
do not overlook this site and give it a glance regularly. http://wiki.quanticsystems.com.br/index.php/User:GavinStanfill9
I’m not that much of a online reader to be honest but your blogs
really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your
website to come back later. Cheers http://Forum.vkmoravia.cz/profile.php?id=836404
Greetings! Very useful advice in this particular post!
It’s the little changes which will make the most important changes.
Thanks a lot for sharing! http://cse.wiki/wiki/User:CaseyBrewton2
I’d like to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in penning
this website. I’m hoping to see the same high-grade content from you later on as
well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has
motivated me to get my own, personal site now 😉 http://Www.die-seite.com/index.php?a=stats&u=katiehynes
Does your website hzve a contact page? I’m having a tough time
locatin it but, I’d like to shoot you an email. I’ve got
some recommendations for your blog you might
bee interested in hearing. Either way, great website and I look forward to
seeing it develop over time.
web page
That signifies that whereas it iis not fully bad, it does have some negative
qualities due to which it’s advisable to loik foor a greater on-line on line casino to play at.
The Poker Room at thhe 15-story lodge, casino andd convention heart was further highlighted by
fifteen 103” plqsma isplays on customized carry programs.
This lighting iss so vitality inefficient compared to iin the present day’s lighting products that iit
is going to be illegal to manufacture within thhe United Staqtes after July 1, 2010.4 Once manufacturing of these prior generation lighting products
ceases, the price of changing these inefficient bulbs will increase.
Currently it sounds like WordPress is the top blogging platform available right now.
(from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog? https://Biowiki.clinomics.com/index.php/User:LynnDoss3262
Why viewers still make use of to read news papers when in this technological
world everything is presented on net? https://Avtpoligraf.ru/content/gynecologie-1
Hello there! I just would like to offer you a huge thumbs
up for the great information you have got here on this post.
I will be returning to your blog for more soon. https://Telearchaeology.org/TAWiki/index.php/User:GretaMedley8
When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is
added I get several e-mails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service?
Bless you! https://Omnias.wiki/index.php/User:GayleMickens
I read this post completely on the topic of the
resemblance of hottest and preceding technologies, it’s amazing article. http://www.Security.sbm.pw/News/montreal-outdoor-living-128/
Keep this going please, great job! https://illinoisbay.com/user/profile/5944526
Do you mind if I quote a few of your articles as long as I provide
credit and sources back to your site? My blog site is in the exact same
area of interest as yours and my users would really benefit from a lot of tthe information you provide here.
Please let me know if this alright with you.
Thanks!
site
With on-line slots video video games, avid gamers will
be capable tto carry out their favorite slots at their mot most
well-liked time wherever they want to.In case
you wish to carry out slots video video games online, the first thing
yyou want to finish could be to disover a trustworthy and genuine webpage thaat gives slots video games.
On a person level, we aftually ouight to get
within the behavior off assembly deadlines.
We analyze the game selection, mobile compatibility, payouts, bonus
affords, and different such factors.
It’s impressive that you are getting ideas from this article as well as
from our dialogue made at this time. https://Virus.win32.wiki/wiki/User:LashawndaYoungbl
I?m not that much of ɑ internet reader tо be honest
but yoսr blogs гeally nice, keeр it uр! I’ll go ahead ɑnd bookmark your website to сome back ⅾown the road.
Ⅿany tһanks
ᒪօok at my web site … home look
When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added”
checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get three emails
with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service?
Thank you! https://taupi.org/index.php?title=User:LamontDonald
Saved as a favorite, I love your website!
Pretty component of content. I simply stumbled upon your web site and in accession capital to say that I
acquire in fact enjoyed account your blog posts.
Anyway I will be subscribing for your augment or even I achievement you get entry to consistently rapidly.
Informative article, exactly what I was looking for. http://urbino.fh-joanneum.at/trials/index.php/User:ElmoSchmitz
Hmm it appears like your site ate my first comment (it was extremely long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I had written and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog.
I too am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new
to the whole thing. Do you have any tips for newbie blog writers?
I’d certainly appreciate it.
Right now it seems like Movable Type is the top blogging platform available right now.
(from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your
blog? https://One.new-tkf.xyz/user/Edna64N12931/
Stunning story there. What happened after? Good
luck!
Link exchange is nothing else but it is
just placing the other person’s web site link on your page at proper place and other person will also do same in support of you.
As the admin of this web page is working, no doubt very shortly it will be
famous, due to its feature contents.
I am really loving the theme/design of your site. Do you ever run into
any web browser compatibility issues? A small number of my blog visitors have complained about my blog not working correctly
in Explorer but looks great in Chrome. Do you have any recommendations to help fix this issue? https://demo.centreon.com/wiki/index.php?title=User:Albert4421
you are actually a just right webmaster. The
web site loading velocity is amazing. It sort of feels that
you are doing any unique trick. In addition, The contents are masterwork.
you have performed a excellent activity on this topic!
When I originally commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment
is added I get several e-mails with the same comment.
Is there any way you can remove me from that service?
Thanks a lot!
I every time emailed this website post page to all my associates, for the
reason that if like to read it after that my links will too.
Hi there to all, it’s really a pleasant for me to pay
a visit this website, it contains important Information.
Hi! I just wanted to ask if you ever have any problems
with hackers? My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up losing several weeks of hard work
due to no back up. Do you have any solutions to stop hackers?
Heya i’m for the first time here. I came across this
board and I find It really useful & it helped me out a lot.
I hope to give something back and help others like you aided me.
I am not sure where you are getting your information, but great topic.
I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more.
Thanks for magnificent information I was looking
for this info for my mission.
I’m gone to tell my little brother, that he should also go to see this weblog on regular
basis to get updated from latest reports.
You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be really
something that I think I would never understand.
It seems too complicated and extremely broad for
me. I am looking forward for your next post, I will
try to get the hang of it!
Oh my goodness! Amazing article dude! Many thanks, However
I am having troubles with your RSS. I don’t understand why I
am unable to subscribe to it. Is there anybody
having identical RSS issues? Anyone that knows the answer can you
kindly respond? Thanks!!
Hi, I read your new stuff daily. Your humoristic style
is witty, keep it up! http://beautyconceptasia.com/faq/462653
Simply desire to say your article is as astonishing.
The clearness in your put up is just excellent and i can assume you’re a professional in this subject.
Fine together with your permission allow me to
clutch your feed to stay up to date with imminent post.
Thank you 1,000,000 and please carry on the rewarding work. https://Sajiddesigns.com/cuidado-de-los-angeles-salud-para-tu-mejor-amigo-la-importancia-de-una-buena-veterinaria-canina/
Thanks designed for sharing sᥙch a fastidious
idea, paragraph іs nice, thats why i hɑvｅ rеad it completely
My web-site; small space
I absolutely love your blog and find most of your post’s to be what precisely I’m looking for.
Does one offer guest writers to write content available for you?
I wouldn’t mind writing a post or elaborating on some
of the subjects you write about here. Again, awesome web log!
My family members always say that I am wasting my time here at net,
except I know I am getting know-how everyday by reading thes good articles.
Thank you for the good writeup. It in fact was a amusement
account it. Look advanced to more added agreeable from you!
By the way, how could we communicate?
I have actually been looking for a reputable resource of details on this subject matter,
and also your blogging site has actually exceeded my requirements.
Your thorough study is much cherished.
Also visit my site :: auto insurance
If you wish for to improve your familiarity only keep visiting this site and be updated with the hottest news update posted here.
It’s perfect time to make some plans for the future and it is time to
be happy. I have read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you few interesting things or advice.
Perhaps you can write next articles referring to this article.
I desire to read even more things about it!
I absolutely love your blog and find almost all of your post’s to be just what I’m looking for.
Would you offer guest writers to write content available for you?
I wouldn’t mind composing a post or elaborating on a few of the subjects you write about here.
Again, awesome site! https://Www.Recruiterwiki.de/Benutzer:PatsyLoxton977
What you composed made a ton of sense. However, think on this, suppose you added a little information? I am not suggesting your information isn’t good,
however suppose you added a title to maybe grab a person’s attention? I mean Israeli academics and activists demand criminal probe into sale of Pegasus to
Ghana – Theinsightnews is kinda boring. You ought to look at Yahoo’s front page and watch how they create article headlines to grab people
interested. You might add a related video or a related
picture or two to get people interested about everything’ve
got to say. In my opinion, it might make your posts a little bit more interesting.
My partner and I stumbled over here different web page
and thought I might check things out. I like what I see so now i am following you.
Look forward to looking at your web page again.
I have been browsing online more than three hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours.
It is pretty worth enough for me. In my opinion,
if all site owners and bloggers made good content as you
did, the net will be a lot more useful than ever before.
Loving tһe іnformation on tһis internet site, ｙоu һave ⅾone grеat job ߋn the cоntent.
Mу webpage carpet cleaning seattle
I couldn’t resist commenting. Well written!
Heya! I jᥙst wаnted to ask if you ever have any pгoblems with hackers?
Μy last blog (wordpress) ѡaѕ hacked ɑnd I еnded up losing many months оf
haгd wоrk due to no backup. Do үоu have any methods tо stⲟp hackers?
Αlso visit my webpage – bedroom furniture
Hmm is anyone else having problems with the pictures on this blog
loading? I’m trying to find out if its a problem on my end or
if it’s the blog. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks for sharing your thoughts. I truly appreciate your
efforts and I am waiting for your next post thanks once again.
I am really loving the theme/design of your website. Do you ever run into any browser
compatibility problems? A couple of my blog audience have complained about my website
not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Opera.
Do you have any suggestions to help fix this problem?